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Python Scripting

Nov 19, 20243 min read

2024-10-20 21:20

Status:ongoing

Tags:pythondata-typesoperatorscontrol-structures

Python Scripting

Subject: Introduction to Python

Data Types

flowchart TD
    A[Python Data Types]
    
    A --> B[Numeric Types]
    B --> C[int]
    B --> D[float]
    B --> E[complex]
    
    A --> F[Sequence Types]
    F --> G[str]
    F --> H[list]
    F --> I[tuple]
    
    A --> J[Mapping Type]
    J --> K[dict]
    
    A --> L[Set Types]
    L --> M[set]
    
    A --> N[Boolean Type]
    N --> O[bool]

Numeric Types

  1. int:
    • int is short for Integer numbers.
    • Example:
my_int = 42
 
print(my_float)
# Output: 42
  1. float:
    • Represents floating-point numbers (numbers with a decimal point).
    • Example:
my_float = 3.14
 
print(my_float)
# Output: 3.14
  1. complex:
    • Represents complex numbers, which have a real and an imaginary part.
    • Example:
my_complex = 3 + 4j
 
print(my_complex)
# Output: (3+4j)
 
print(my_complex.real)
# Output: 3.0
 
print(my_complex.imag)
# Output: 4.0

Sequence Types

  1. str:
    • str is short for strings, which are sequences of characters.
    • Example:
my_string = "Hello"
 
print(my_string)
# Output: Hello
  1. list:
    • An ordered collection of items that can contain a mix of data types. Lists are mutable and written in square brackets.
    • Example:
my_list = [1, 2, 3, "Python"]
 
print(my_list)
# Output: [1, 2, 3, 'Python']
  1. tuple:
    • An ordered collection of items similar to a list, but tuples are immutable and written in parentheses.
    • Example:
my_tuple = (1, 2, 3)
 
print(my_tuple)
# Output: (1, 2, 3)

Mapping Type

  1. dict:
    • A dictionary is an unordered collection of key-value pairs. Each key must be unique.
    • Example:
my_dict = {"name": "Alice", "age": 30}
 
print(my_dict)
# Output: {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 30}

Set Types

  1. set:
    • An unordered collection of unique elements.
    • Example:
my_set = {1, 2, 3}
 
print(my_set)
# Output: {1, 2, 3}

Boolean Type

  1. bool:
    • A boolean represents one of two values: True or False.
    • Example:
my_bool = True
 
print(my_bool)
# Output: True

Operators

Python supports various types of operators:

  1. Arithmetic Operators

    • + (addition), - (subtraction), * (multiplication), / (division)
    • // (floor division), % (modulus), ** (exponentiation)

  2. Comparison Operators

    • == (equal to), != (not equal to)
    • > (greater than), < (less than), >= (greater than or equal to), <= (less than or equal to)

  3. Logical Operators

    • and, or, not

  4. Assignment Operators

    • =, +=, -=, *=, /=, %=, **=, //=

  5. Identity Operators

    • is, is not

  6. Membership Operators

    • in, not in

Control Structures

Control structures direct the flow of your program:

  1. Conditional Statements

    if condition:
    # code block
elif another_condition:
    # code block
else:
    # code block

  2. For Loops

    for item in iterable:
    # code block

  3. While Loops

    while condition:
    # code block

  4. Break and Continue

    • break: Exits the loop
    • continue: Skips the rest of the current iteration and moves to the next

Next, we’ll explore Functions and Modules in Python to learn how to organize and reuse our code effectively.

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